Kumvetsetsa Njira Zogwiritsira Ntchito Magalimoto a DC ndi

Njira zoyendetsera liwiro

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Ma motors a DC ndi makina opezeka paliponse omwe amapezeka pazida zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana.

Nthawi zambiri, ma motors awa amayikidwa mu zida zomwe zimafunikira njira yowongolera yozungulira kapena yoyenda.Ma Direct current motors ndizofunikira kwambiri pama projekiti ambiri opanga zamagetsi.Kumvetsetsa bwino kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ma mota a DC komanso kuwongolera liwiro la mota kumathandizira mainjiniya kupanga mapulogalamu omwe amakwaniritsa kuwongolera koyenda bwino.

Nkhaniyi iwona bwino mitundu ya ma mota a DC omwe alipo, momwe amagwirira ntchito, komanso momwe angakwaniritsire kuwongolera liwiro.

Kodi DC Motors ndi chiyani?

MongaAC motere, ma motors a DC amasinthanso mphamvu zamagetsi kukhala mphamvu zamakina.Ntchito yawo ndi kumbuyo kwa jenereta ya DC yomwe imapanga magetsi.Mosiyana ndi ma motors a AC, ma motors a DC amagwira ntchito pamagetsi a DC-osakhala sinusoidal, mphamvu ya unidirectional.

Basic Construction

Ngakhale ma mota a DC amapangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, onse amakhala ndi magawo otsatirawa:

• Rotor (gawo la makina omwe amazungulira; amadziwikanso kuti "armature")
• Stator (gawo lozungulira, kapena gawo "loyima" la injini)
• Commutator (ikhoza kutsukidwa kapena brushless, kutengera mtundu wagalimoto)
• Maginito akumunda (perekani mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imatembenuza chitsulo cholumikizidwa ndi rotor)

M'malo mwake, ma mota a DC amagwira ntchito potengera kuyanjana pakati pa maginito opangidwa ndi zida zozungulira komanso za stator kapena chigawo chokhazikika.

Wowongolera mota wopanda sensorless DC.Chithunzi chogwiritsidwa ntchito mwachilolezo chaKenzi Mudzi.

Mfundo Yoyendetsera Ntchito

Ma motors a DC amagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo ya Faraday ya electromagnetism yomwe imanena kuti kondakitala wonyamula pakali pano amakumana ndi mphamvu akayikidwa mu mphamvu yamaginito.Malinga ndi lamulo la Fleming la "Kumanzere kwa ma motors amagetsi," kuyenda kwa kondakitala nthawi zonse kumakhala kolunjika ku mphamvu yapano ndi maginito.

Mwa masamu, tikhoza kufotokoza mphamvuyi monga F = BIL (kumene F ndi mphamvu, B ndi maginito, ndikuyimira panopa, ndipo L ndi kutalika kwa woyendetsa).

Mitundu ya DC Motors

Ma motors a DC amagwera m'magulu osiyanasiyana, kutengera kapangidwe kawo.Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri imaphatikizapo brushed kapena brushless, maginito okhazikika, mndandanda, ndi zofanana.

Brushed ndi Brushless Motors

Galimoto ya DC yopukutidwaamagwiritsa ntchito ma graphite kapena maburashi a kaboni omwe amayendetsa kapena kutulutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku zida.Maburashi awa nthawi zambiri amasungidwa pafupi ndi commutator.Ntchito zina zothandiza za maburashi mu ma dc motors ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino, kuwongolera komwe kuli komweko panthawi yozungulira, komanso kuyeretsa koyenda.

Ma motors a Brushless DCmusakhale ndi maburashi a carbon kapena graphite.Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi maginito amodzi kapena angapo okhazikika omwe amazungulira kuzungulira zida zokhazikika.M'malo mwa maburashi, ma brushless DC motors amagwiritsa ntchito mabwalo amagetsi kuwongolera komwe amazungulira komanso kuthamanga.

Permanent Magnet Motors

Maginito okhazikika a maginito amakhala ndi rotor yozunguliridwa ndi maginito awiri otsutsana okhazikika.Maginito amapereka mphamvu ya maginito pamene dc idutsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti rotor ikhale yozungulira kapena yotsutsana ndi wotchi, malingana ndi polarity.Phindu lalikulu la mtundu uwu wa mota ndikuti imatha kugwira ntchito pa liwiro lolumikizana ndi ma frequency pafupipafupi, kulola kuwongolera liwiro.

Series-zilonda DC Motors

Series Motors ndi stator awo (kawirikawiri anapanga mipiringidzo mkuwa) windings ndi munda windings (coils mkuwa) olumikizidwa mu mndandanda.Chifukwa chake, mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mafunde akumunda ndizofanana.Kuthamanga kwamphamvu kumayenda molunjika kuchokera kumunda kupita ku ma windings amunda omwe ndi okhuthala komanso ochepa poyerekeza ndi ma shunt motors.Kukula kwa ma windings am'munda kumawonjezera mphamvu yonyamula katundu wagalimoto ndipo kumapanganso maginito amphamvu omwe amapereka ma motors angapo a DC torque yayikulu kwambiri.

Shunt DC Motors

Galimoto ya shunt DC ili ndi zida zake zomangira ndi zomangira zam'munda zomwe zimalumikizidwa molumikizana.Chifukwa cha kulumikizana kofananira, ma windings onse awiri amalandira voteji yofananira, ngakhale amasangalala mosiyana.Ma shunt motors nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matembenuzidwe ambiri kuposa ma motors angapo omwe amapanga maginito amphamvu akamagwira ntchito.Ma mota a Shunt amatha kukhala ndi liwiro labwino kwambiri, ngakhale atanyamula katundu wosiyanasiyana.Komabe, nthawi zambiri amasowa torque yapamwamba yama motors angapo.

Dongosolo lowongolera ma mota ndi liwiro lomwe limayikidwa mu kubowola kwa mini.Chithunzi chogwiritsidwa ntchito mwachilolezo chaDilshan R. Jayakody

DC Motor Speed ​​​​Control

Pali njira zazikulu zitatu zokwaniritsira kuwongolera liwiro pamakina a DC motors-flux control, voltage control, and armature resistance control.

1. Flux Control Njira

Mu njira yoyendetsera kusinthasintha, rheostat (mtundu wa resistor variable) imalumikizidwa motsatizana ndi ma windings akumunda.Cholinga cha chigawo ichi ndi kuonjezera kukana kwa mndandanda mu ma windings omwe angachepetse kusinthasintha, motero kuwonjezera liwiro la galimoto.

2. Njira Yoyendetsera Magetsi

Njira yolembetsera nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu shunt dc motors.Pali, kachiwiri, njira ziwiri zokwaniritsira kuwongolera ma voltage:

• Kulumikiza gawo la shunt ku voliyumu yosangalatsa yokhazikika pomwe mukupereka zida ndi ma voltages osiyanasiyana (aka multiple voltage control)
• Kusinthasintha ma voltage omwe amaperekedwa ku zida (njira ya Ward Leonard)

3. Armature Resistance Control Njira

Kuwongolera kukana kwa zida kumatengera mfundo yakuti liwiro la mota limagwirizana mwachindunji ndi EMF yakumbuyo.Chifukwa chake, ngati magetsi operekera komanso kukana kwa zida zimasungidwa pamtengo wokhazikika, liwiro la mota lidzakhala lolingana ndi zida zamakono.

Yosinthidwa ndi Lisa