US Department of Commerce idalengeza pa Seputembala 24 kuti idayambitsa "kufufuza kwa 232" ngati kutumizidwa kunja kwa Neodymium-iron-boron maginito osatha (Neodymium-iron-boron maginito okhazikika) kumawononga chitetezo cha dziko la United States.Uwu ndiye kafukufuku woyamba wa "232" woyambitsidwa ndi oyang'anira a Biden kuyambira pomwe adatenga udindowu.Dipatimenti ya Zamalonda ku US inanena kuti zida za maginito za NdFeB zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina ovuta kwambiri a chitetezo cha dziko monga ndege zankhondo ndi machitidwe oyendetsa mizinga, zomangamanga zazikulu monga magalimoto amagetsi ndi ma turbine amphepo, komanso ma hard drive apakompyuta, zida zomvera, zida zamaginito. ndi minda ina.

Mu February chaka chino, Purezidenti wa US Biden adalamula mabungwe aboma kuti aziwunikanso masiku 100 pazogulitsa zinthu zinayi zofunika: ma semiconductors, minerals osowa padziko lapansi, mabatire akulu amagalimoto amagetsi, ndi mankhwala.Pazotsatira za kafukufuku wamasiku 100 zomwe zidaperekedwa ku Biden pa Juni 8, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti dipatimenti yazamalonda ku US iwunike ngati ingafufuze maginito a neodymium molingana ndi Article 232 ya Trade Expansion Act ya 1962. Lipotilo lidawonetsa kuti maginito a neodymium amasewera. ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'magalimoto ndi zida zina, ndipo ndizofunikira pachitetezo cha dziko komanso ntchito zama mafakitale.Komabe, dziko la United States limadalira kwambiri zogula kuchokera kunja kwa chinthu chofunika kwambirichi.

Ubale pakati pa neodymium iron boron maginito ndi ma mota

Neodymium iron boron maginito amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu maginito okhazikika a maginito.Ma motor maginito okhazikika okhazikika ndi awa: maginito okhazikika a DC, maginito okhazikika a AC, ndi maginito okhazikika a DC amagawidwa kukhala maburashi a DC, ma motors opanda brush, ndi ma motors opondapo.Permanent maginito AC Motors anawagawa synchronous okhazikika maginito Motors, okhazikika maginito servo motors, etc., malinga ndi mode kayendedwe angathenso kugawidwa okhazikika maginito liniya Motors ndi okhazikika maginito mozungulira Motors.

Ubwino wa neodymium iron boron maginito

Chifukwa cha maginito abwino kwambiri a neodymium maginito zida, maginito osatha amatha kukhazikitsidwa popanda mphamvu zowonjezera pambuyo pa maginito.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa osowa padziko lapansi okhazikika maginito motors m'malo mwa chikhalidwe galimoto magetsi minda si mkulu mu dzuwa, komanso yosavuta dongosolo, odalirika ntchito, yaing'ono kukula ndi kuwala kulemera.Sizingangokwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito apamwamba (monga kuchita bwino kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri) komwe ma motors othamangitsa magetsi achikhalidwe sangafanane, komanso amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamagalimoto apadera monga ma elevator traction. ma mota ndi ma mota.Kuphatikizika kwa osowa padziko lapansi okhazikika maginito maginito okhala ndi ukadaulo wamagetsi amagetsi ndi ukadaulo wowongolera ma microcomputer kumathandizira magwiridwe antchito a rotor yanthawi zonse ndi njira yopatsira pamlingo wina.Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi mulingo wothandizira zida zaukadaulo ndi njira yofunikira yachitukuko chamakampani opanga magalimoto kuti asinthe momwe mafakitale amagwirira ntchito.

China ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zambiri zopangira maginito a neodymium.Malinga ndi data, kuchuluka kwa maginito a neodymium padziko lonse lapansi mu 2019 ndi pafupifupi matani 170,000, pomwe China kupanga neodymium iron boron ndi pafupifupi matani 150,000, kuwerengera pafupifupi 90%.

Dziko la China ndilomwe limapanga padziko lonse lapansi komanso limatumiza kunja kwa nthaka yosowa.Misonkho ina iliyonse yoperekedwa ndi United States iyeneranso kutumizidwa ndi China.Chifukwa chake, kufufuza kwa US 232 sikudzakhala ndi vuto lililonse pamakina amagetsi aku China.

Adanenedwa ndi Jessica