Brushless DC ndi ma stepper motors atha kuyang'ana kwambiri kuposa ma motor brushed DC, koma omaliza amatha kukhala abwinoko pamapulogalamu ena.

Okonza ambiri amayang'ana kusankha galimoto yaing'ono ya DC - gawo laling'ono kapena laling'ono la akavalo, nthawi zambiri - nthawi zambiri amangoyang'ana njira ziwiri: brushless DC (BLDC) motor kapena stepper motor.Ndi iti yomwe mungasankhe potengera kugwiritsa ntchito, popeza BDLC nthawi zambiri imakhala yabwinoko kuyenda kosalekeza pomwe chopondapo chimakhala chokwanira kuyikika, kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo, ndikuyimitsa / kuyambitsa kuyenda.Mtundu uliwonse wa mota ukhoza kupereka magwiridwe antchito ndi chowongolera choyenera, chomwe chingakhale IC kapena module kutengera kukula kwagalimoto ndi zina zake.Ma motors awa amatha kuyendetsedwa ndi "anzeru" ophatikizidwa mu ma IC odzipatulira owongolera kapena purosesa yokhala ndi firmware yophatikizidwa.

Koma yang'anani pang'ono pazomwe ogulitsa amagalimoto a BLDC awa, ndipo muwona kuti nthawi zonse amapereka ma motors a DC (BDC), omwe akhalapo "kwanthawizonse."Dongosolo la motali lili ndi nthawi yayitali komanso yokhazikika m'mbiri ya mphamvu zoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi, chifukwa inali njira yoyamba yamagetsi yamtundu uliwonse.Makumi mamiliyoni a ma motors awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chilichonse pazinthu zazikulu, zosakhala zazing'ono monga magalimoto.

Mitundu yoyamba yamagetsi opukutidwa idapangidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 koma kupatsa mphamvu ngakhale injini yaying'ono yothandiza inali yovuta.Majenereta ofunikira kuti awapatse mphamvu anali asanapangidwe, ndipo mabatire omwe analipo anali ndi mphamvu zochepa, zazikulu, ndipo amayenera "kuwonjezeredwa" mwanjira ina.Potsirizira pake, mavuto ameneŵa anathetsedwa.Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, ma motors a DC opangidwa ndi brushed mpaka makumi ndi mazana a mahatchi adayikidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito;zambiri zikugwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano.

Makina oyambira a brushed DC safuna "magetsi" kuti agwire ntchito, chifukwa ndi chipangizo chodziyendetsa chokha.Mfundo ya ntchito ndi yosavuta, yomwe ndi imodzi mwa ubwino wake.Galimoto ya DC yopukutidwa imagwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwamakina kuti isinthe polarity ya maginito a rotor (yomwe imatchedwanso armature) motsutsana ndi stator.Mosiyana, mphamvu ya maginito ya stator imapangidwa ndi magineti amagetsi (kale) kapena maginito amakono, amphamvu okhazikika (pazinthu zambiri zamakono) (Chithunzi 1).

Kulumikizana ndi kubwereza kubwereza kwa mphamvu ya maginito pakati pa zozungulira zozungulira pa armature ndi gawo lokhazikika la stator kumapangitsa kuyenda kosalekeza.Kusintha komwe kumatembenuza gawo la rotor kumachitika kudzera pamalumikizana akuthupi (otchedwa maburashi), omwe amakhudza ndi kubweretsa mphamvu pamakoyilo ankhondo.Kuzungulira kwa injini sikumangopereka kusuntha komwe kumafunikira komanso kusinthasintha kwa rotor coil polarity komwe kumafunikira kuti akope chidwi / kukana pokhudzana ndi gawo lokhazikika la stator - kachiwiri, palibe zamagetsi zomwe zimafunikira, popeza magetsi a DC amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji stator coil windings (ngati alipo) ndi maburashi.

Kuwongolera liwiro loyambira kumatheka ndikusintha ma voliyumu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma izi zimalozera ku chimodzi mwazolakwika za mota yopukutidwa: voteji yotsika imachepetsa liwiro (lomwe linali cholinga) ndikuchepetsa kwambiri torque, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsatira zosafunikira.Kugwiritsa ntchito mota yamaburashi yoyendetsedwa molunjika kuchokera ku njanji za DC nthawi zambiri ndikovomerezeka pazochepera kapena zosafunikira monga kugwiritsa ntchito zoseweretsa zing'onozing'ono ndi zowonetsera zamakanema, makamaka ngati pakufunika kuwongolera liwiro.

Mosiyana ndi izi, galimoto yopanda maburashi imakhala ndi ma coils a electromagnetic (mitengo) yokhazikika mozungulira mkati mwa nyumbayo, ndipo maginito okhazikika amphamvu kwambiri amamangiriridwa ku shaft yozungulira (rotor) (Chithunzi 2).Pamene mizati imalimbikitsidwa motsatizana ndi magetsi olamulira (kusinthasintha kwamagetsi - EC), mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira rotor imazungulira ndipo imakopa / kuthamangitsa rotor ndi maginito ake okhazikika, omwe amakakamizika kutsatira munda.

Kuyendetsa kwaposachedwa kwamitengo yamagalimoto a BLDC kumatha kukhala masikweya mafunde, koma ndikosavuta komanso kumapangitsa kugwedezeka, chifukwa chake mapangidwe ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ozungulira omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe opangidwira kuphatikiza komwe kumafunikira mphamvu zamagetsi ndikuyenda bwino.Kupitilira apo, wowongolera amatha kuwongolera mawonekedwe opatsa mphamvu kuti ayambike mwachangu koma mosalala ndikuyima popanda kuwomba komanso kuyankha mwachangu pamakina olemetsa.Ma mbiri osiyanasiyana owongolera ndi ma trajectories alipo omwe amafanana ndi malo agalimoto ndi liwiro lazofunikira za pulogalamuyo.

Yosinthidwa ndi Lisa