Poyerekeza ndi ma mota achikhalidwe othamangitsira magetsi, ma motor maginito okhazikika, makamaka maginito osowa padziko lapansi, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta komanso odalirika.Voliyumu yaying'ono ndi kulemera kopepuka;Kutayika kochepa komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri;Mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa mota kumatha kukhala kosinthika komanso kosiyanasiyana.Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito ndi otakata kwambiri, pafupifupi m'magawo onse azamlengalenga, chitetezo cha dziko, kupanga mafakitale ndi zaulimi komanso moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.Zomwe zikuluzikulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwa ma mota angapo okhazikika a maginito akufotokozedwa pansipa.
1. Poyerekeza ndi majenereta achikhalidwe, majenereta osowa padziko lapansi okhazikika a maginito osafunikira safuna mphete zozembera ndi zida zamaburashi, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta komanso kuchepetsedwa kulephera.Maginito osowa padziko lapansi amathanso kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa maginito a mpweya, kuonjezera liwiro la mota pamtengo wokwanira ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi misa.Majenereta a maginito osowa padziko lapansi pafupifupi onse amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ndege zamakono komanso majenereta apamlengalenga.Zogulitsa zake ndi 150 kVA 14-pole 12 000 r/min ~ 21 000 r/min ndi 100 kVA 60 000 r/min osowa dziko lapansi cobalt okhazikika maginito synchronous jenereta opangidwa ndi General Electric Company of America.Galimoto yoyamba ya maginito yapadziko lapansi yosowa kwambiri yopangidwa ku China ndi 3 kW 20 000 r/min okhazikika maginito jenereta.
Majenereta osatha a maginito amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati ma exciters owonjezera a ma turbo-generator.M'zaka za m'ma 1980, China idapanga zida zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zapadziko lapansi zosowa maginito othandizira owonjezera omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya 40 kVA ~ 160 kVA, komanso okhala ndi 200 MW ~ 600 MW turbo-jenereta, zomwe zidathandizira kwambiri kudalirika kwa masiteshoni amagetsi.
Pakalipano, majenereta ang'onoang'ono oyendetsedwa ndi injini zoyatsira mkati, majenereta a maginito osatha a magalimoto, ndi majenereta aang'ono okhazikika amphepo omwe amayendetsedwa mwachindunji ndi mawilo amphepo akufalikira pang'onopang'ono.
2. High-changu okhazikika maginito synchronous galimoto Poyerekeza ndi induction motor, okhazikika maginito synchronous galimoto safuna zotakataka zokomerera panopa, amene kwambiri kusintha mphamvu factor (mpaka 1 kapena capacitive), kuchepetsa stator panopa ndi stator kukana imfa, ndipo palibe kutayika kwa mkuwa wa rotor panthawi yogwira ntchito yokhazikika, motero kuchepetsa fani (motor mphamvu yaying'ono imatha kuchotsa chowotcha) ndi kutayika kofanana ndi mphepo yamkuntho.Poyerekeza ndi ma induction mota yamtundu womwewo, mphamvuyo imatha kukulitsidwa ndi 2 ~ 8 peresenti.Kuphatikiza apo, maginito okhazikika a synchronous motor amatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso mphamvu pamtundu wa 25% ~ 120%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yopulumutsa mphamvu ikhale yodabwitsa kwambiri mukamayenda pansi pa katundu wopepuka.Nthawi zambiri, injini yamtunduwu imakhala ndi mafunde oyambira pa rotor, yomwe imatha kuyambitsa ma frequency ndi voteji.Pakalipano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'minda yamafuta, mafakitale a nsalu ndi mankhwala, mafakitale a ceramic ndi magalasi, mafani ndi mapampu okhala ndi nthawi yayitali pachaka, etc.
The NdFeB okhazikika maginito synchronous galimoto ndi mkulu dzuwa ndi mkulu kuyambira makokedwe paokha opangidwa ndi dziko lathu akhoza kuthetsa vuto la "kavalo wamkulu ngolo" mu ntchito oilfield.Makokedwe oyambira ndi 50% ~ 100% akulu kuposa a induction motor, yomwe ingalowe m'malo mwa induction motor ndi nambala yayikulu yoyambira, ndipo mphamvu yopulumutsa mphamvu ndi pafupifupi 20%.
M'makampani opanga nsalu, nthawi yonyamula inertia ndi yayikulu, yomwe imafunikira torque yayikulu.Kapangidwe koyenera ka kutayikira kopanda katundu, kuchuluka kwa pole, kukana kwa rotor, kukula kwa maginito osatha ndi kutembenuka kwa stator kokhazikika kwa maginito okhazikika a maginito amatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito a mota ya maginito okhazikika ndikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwake m'mafakitale atsopano a nsalu ndi ma fiber.
Mafanizi ndi mapampu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opangira magetsi akuluakulu, migodi, mafuta, mankhwala ndi mafakitale ena ndi ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zazikulu, koma mphamvu ndi mphamvu zamagalimoto zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panopa ndizochepa.Kugwiritsa ntchito maginito NdFeB okhazikika osati bwino dzuwa ndi mphamvu chinthu, amapulumutsa mphamvu, komanso ali ndi dongosolo brushless, amene bwino kudalirika ntchito.Pakali pano, 1 120kW okhazikika maginito synchronous motor ndiye asynchronous yamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yoyambira yogwira ntchito kwambiri rare earth permanent maginito mota.Kuchita bwino kwake ndikwapamwamba kuposa 96.5% (momwemonso mphamvu zamagalimoto ndi 95%), ndipo mphamvu yake ndi 0.94, yomwe imatha m'malo mwa mota wamba ndi 1 ~ 2 mphamvu yamagiredi akulu kuposa iyo.
3. AC servo okhazikika maginito galimoto ndi brushless DC okhazikika maginito galimoto tsopano kwambiri ntchito variable pafupipafupi mphamvu magetsi ndi AC galimoto kupanga AC liwiro kulamulira dongosolo m'malo DC galimoto liwiro kulamulira dongosolo.Mu ma motors a AC, kuthamanga kwa injini yokhazikika ya maginito synchronous kumasunga ubale wokhazikika ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi panthawi yogwira ntchito mokhazikika, kotero kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pamakina owongolera amtundu wanthawi yayitali.Magalimoto amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ma frequency converter.Sikoyenera kukhazikitsa mafunde oyambira pa rotor, ndipo burashi ndi commutator zimasiyidwa, kotero kukonza kumakhala kosavuta.
Self-synchronous permanent magnet motor imapangidwa ndi maginito okhazikika a synchronous motor yoyendetsedwa ndi ma frequency converter ndi makina otsekeka ozungulira a rotor, omwe samangokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba amagetsi okondwa a DC, komanso amazindikira kuti alibe brushless.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka munthawi zowongolera bwino komanso kudalirika, monga ndege, zakuthambo, zida zamakina a CNC, malo opangira makina, maloboti, magalimoto amagetsi, zotumphukira zamakompyuta, ndi zina zambiri.
Pakali pano, NdFeB okhazikika maginito synchronous galimoto ndi galimoto dongosolo ndi lonse liwiro osiyanasiyana ndi Gao Heng mphamvu liwiro chiŵerengero apangidwa, ndi chiŵerengero cha liwiro la 1: 22 500 ndi malire liwiro 9 000 r/mphindi.Makhalidwe ochita bwino kwambiri, kugwedezeka pang'ono, phokoso lotsika komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka ma torque okhazikika amagetsi okhazikika ndi ma mota abwino kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi, zida zamakina ndi zida zina zoyendetsera.
Ndi kutukuka kosalekeza kwa moyo wa anthu, zofunikira pazida zapakhomo zikuchulukirachulukira.Mwachitsanzo, air conditioner ya m'nyumba sikuti imangogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, komanso gwero lalikulu la phokoso.Chitukuko chake ndikugwiritsa ntchito maginito osatha brushless DC motor yokhala ndi liwiro lopanda mayendedwe.Imatha kudzisintha kukhala liwiro loyenera malinga ndi kusintha kwa kutentha kwa chipinda ndikuthamanga kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchepetsa phokoso ndi kugwedezeka, kupangitsa anthu kukhala omasuka, ndikupulumutsa 1/3 yamagetsi poyerekeza ndi chowongolera mpweya popanda kuwongolera liwiro.Mafiriji ena, makina ochapira, otolera fumbi, mafani, ndi zina zambiri akusintha pang'onopang'ono kukhala ma brushless DC motors.
4. Permanent maginito DC galimoto DC utenga okhazikika maginito excitation, amene osati amakhalabe wabwino liwiro malamulo makhalidwe ndi makhalidwe makina a magetsi okondwa DC galimoto, komanso ali ndi makhalidwe a dongosolo losavuta ndi luso, voliyumu yaing'ono, mowa otsika mkuwa, mkulu bwino, etc. chifukwa chisangalalo mapiringidzo ndi kukometsedwa imfa anasiya.Chifukwa chake, maginito okhazikika a DC motors amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuchokera ku zida zapakhomo, zida zamagetsi zonyamula, zida zamagetsi kupita ku liwiro lolondola komanso makina otumizira omwe amafunikira magwiridwe antchito abwino.Pakati pa ma motors ang'onoang'ono a DC omwe ali pansi pa 50W, maginito okhazikika amakhala 92%, pomwe omwe ali pansi pa 10 W amakhala opitilira 99%.
Pakadali pano, bizinesi yamagalimoto yaku China ikukula mwachangu, ndipo makampani amagalimoto ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri maginito okhazikika, omwe ndi zigawo zazikulu zamagalimoto.M'galimoto yapamwamba kwambiri, muli ma motors opitilira 70 omwe ali ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana, ambiri omwe ndi maginito otsika otsika maginito a DC.Pamene NdFeB maginito okhazikika ndi magiya mapulaneti ntchito injini sitata kwa magalimoto ndi njinga zamoto, khalidwe la motors sitata akhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi theka.
Gulu la Permanent Magnet Motors
Pali mitundu yambiri ya maginito okhazikika.Malinga ndi ntchito ya mota, imatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: jenereta ya maginito okhazikika ndi injini yamagetsi yokhazikika.
Ma motors okhazikika a maginito amatha kugawidwa kukhala maginito okhazikika a DC ndi maginito okhazikika a AC.Maginito okhazikika a AC motor amatanthauza mota yamitundu ingapo yokhala ndi maginito okhazikika, motero nthawi zambiri imatchedwa motor magnet synchronous motor (PMSM).
Maginito okhazikika a DC motors amatha kugawidwa kukhala maginito osatha a brushless DC motors ndi maginito osatha brushless DC motors (BLDCM) ngati agawidwa malinga ndi magetsi kapena ma commutators.
Masiku ano, chiphunzitso ndi luso lamakono amagetsi amagetsi akukula kwambiri padziko lapansi.Kubwera kwa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, monga MOSFET, IGBT ndi MCT, zida zowongolera zidasintha kwambiri.Popeza F. Blaceke anaika patsogolo mfundo ya ulamuliro vekitala wa AC galimoto mu 1971, chitukuko cha vekitala kulamulira luso anayambitsa nyengo yatsopano ya AC servo pagalimoto kulamulira, ndipo zosiyanasiyana mkulu-ntchito microprocessors akhala mosalekeza kukankhidwira kunja, kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko. ya AC servo system m'malo mwa DC servo system.Ndizosapeŵeka kuti AC-I servo system ilowa m'malo mwa DC servo system.Komabe, maginito okhazikika a synchronous motor (PMSM) okhala ndi sinusoidal back emf ndi brushless DC motor (BLIX ~) yokhala ndi trapezoidal back emf idzakhala njira yayikulu yopangira makina a AC servo apamwamba chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito awo abwino.