Zomwe zili zofunika pakusankha magalimoto ndi: mtundu wa katundu woyendetsedwa, mphamvu yovotera, voliyumu yovotera, liwiro lovotera, ndi zina.

1. Mtundu wa katundu woti uyendetsedwe umanenedwa mosiyana kuchokera ku makhalidwe a galimoto.Ma motors amatha kugawidwa kukhala ma motors a DC ndi ma AC, ndipo AC imagawidwanso kukhala ma motors osakanikirana ndi ma asynchronous motors.

Ubwino wa mota ya DC imatha kusintha liwiro mwachangu posintha voteji, ndipo imatha kupereka torque yayikulu.Ndi oyenera katundu amene ayenera kusintha liwiro pafupipafupi, monga anagubuduza mphero mu mphero zitsulo, hoists mu migodi, etc. Koma tsopano ndi chitukuko cha pafupipafupi kutembenuka luso, galimoto AC akhoza kusintha liwiro ndi kusintha pafupipafupi.Komabe, ngakhale mtengo wa ma motor frequency motere siwokwera kwambiri kuposa ma mota wamba, mtengo wa ma frequency converter umakhala ndi gawo lalikulu la zida zonse, chifukwa chake mwayi wina wa DC motors ndikuti ndiotsika mtengo.Kuipa kwa ma motors a DC ndikuti mawonekedwe ake ndi ovuta.Malingana ngati chida chilichonse chili ndi dongosolo lovuta, mosakayikira zidzatsogolera kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cholephera.Poyerekeza ndi ma motors a AC, ma motors a DC samangokhala ovuta kumangopita (mapiritsi osangalatsa, mapindikidwe amitengo yosinthira, ma windings, ma windings a armature), komanso kuwonjezera mphete, maburashi ndi ma commutators.Osati kokha ndondomeko zofunika za Mlengi ndi mkulu, koma yokonza ndalama mu nthawi yapambuyo pake ndi ndi mkulu.Chifukwa chake, ma motors a DC pamafakitale ali pachiwonetsero chochititsa manyazi pomwe akutsika pang'onopang'ono koma amakhalabe ndi malo osinthira.Ngati wosuta ali ndi ndalama zokwanira, ndi bwino kusankha chiwembu cha AC galimoto ndi pafupipafupi Converter.

2. Asynchronous motor

Ubwino wa ma asynchronous motors ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, magwiridwe antchito okhazikika, kukonza bwino komanso mtengo wotsika.Ndipo njira yopangira zinthu imakhalanso yosavuta.Ndamva kuchokera kwa katswiri wakale pamsonkhanowu kuti pamafunika ma motors awiri ofananira kapena ma asynchronous motors amphamvu zofanana kuti asonkhanitse mota ya DC.Izi ndi zoonekeratu.Chifukwa chake, ma asynchronous motors ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani.

2. Mphamvu yovotera

Mphamvu yovotera yagalimoto imatanthawuza mphamvu yotulutsa, ndiye kuti, mphamvu ya shaft, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mphamvu, yomwe ndi chizindikiro chamoto.Nthawi zambiri anthu amafunsa kuti injiniyo ndi yayikulu bwanji.Nthawi zambiri, sizikutanthauza kukula kwa injini, koma mphamvu yake.Ndichizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri chowerengera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto agalimoto, komanso ndizomwe zimafunikira pagawo lomwe liyenera kuperekedwa injini ikasankhidwa.

Mfundo yosankha bwino mphamvu yamagalimoto iyenera kukhala chisankho chopanda ndalama komanso chololera kwambiri pa mphamvu ya galimotoyo poganizira kuti galimotoyo imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga makina.Ngati mphamvu ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndalama zogulira zida zimawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke, ndipo mota nthawi zambiri imayenda pansi pa katundu, ndipo mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya AC motor ndizochepa;m'malo mwake, ngati mphamvuyo ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, injiniyo imakhala yodzaza kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti galimotoyo iyambe kuyenda msanga.kuwonongeka.Pali zinthu zitatu zomwe zimatsimikizira mphamvu yaikulu ya galimoto: 1) kutentha ndi kutentha kwa galimoto, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pozindikira mphamvu ya galimoto;2) kuchuluka kwanthawi yayitali kumaloledwa;3) mphamvu yoyambira iyeneranso kuganiziridwa pagalimoto ya asynchronous gologolo khola.

3. Voliyumu yovotera

Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi imatanthawuza mphamvu yamagetsi mumayendedwe ogwirira ntchito.Kusankhidwa kwa voliyumu yovotera yagalimoto kumadalira mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi kubizinesi ndi kukula kwa mphamvu yamagalimoto.

Injini ndi makina ogwira ntchito omwe amayendetsedwa ndi iyo ali ndi liwiro lawo lovotera.Posankha liwiro la injini, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti liwiro siliyenera kukhala lotsika kwambiri, chifukwa kutsika kwa liwiro la injini, kuchuluka kwa masitepe, kuchuluka kwa voliyumu ndikukwera mtengo;nthawi yomweyo, liwiro la injini siliyenera kusankhidwa kwambiri.mkulu, chifukwa izi zingapangitse kuti kupatsirana kukhale kovuta kwambiri komanso kovuta kusunga.Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu ikakhala yokhazikika, torque yamotoyo imakhala yofanana ndi liwiro.

Nthawi zambiri, galimotoyo imatha kutsimikiziridwa momveka bwino popereka mtundu wa katundu woyendetsedwa, mphamvu yovotera, voliyumu yovotera, komanso kuthamanga kwagalimoto.Komabe, magawo ofunikirawa ndi osakwanira ngati zofunikira za katundu zikuyenera kukwaniritsidwa bwino.Magawo omwe amafunikiranso kuperekedwa ndi awa: pafupipafupi, makina ogwirira ntchito, zofunikira zochulukira, kalasi yotchinjiriza, kalasi yachitetezo, mphindi ya inertia, curve resistance torque, njira yoyika, kutentha kozungulira, kutalika, zofunikira zakunja, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimaperekedwa molingana ndi ku zikhalidwe zinazake.